Impact-tool.



No. 662,8I5.

, Patented Nov. 27, |900'. T. H. PHILLIPS.

IMPACT TOUL.

(Application led May 16, 1900,)

6 Sheets-Sham l.

(No Model.)

l i w... l [rn/ No. 662,8!5. Patented Nov. 27, i900.

' T. H. PHILLIPS.`

IMPACT T001..

.Applic on filed May 16, 1900 y =(No Model.)

6 Sheets-Sheet 2.

No. 662,8I5.

Patented Nov. 27, |900. I". H. PHILLIPS.

IMPACT TOOL.

mppumiun med my 1e, 190m 6 Sheets-Shout 3,

`(No Model.)

Wiz/MMU Z i. @Mr/L MQW Pateted Nov. 27, |900. T. H. PHILLIPS.

No. 662,'al5;

IMPACT TOOL.

(Application led May 1Q, 1900.1

6 Sheets-Sheet 4.

Mo Model.)

x N A Q5. mum.

LAKW

- No. 662,:il5. 4 Patented Nov. 27, |900..

j T. H. PHILLIPS.,

nwPAcTv TooL.

(Application led May 16, 1900.) (No Modal.) 6 Shaets--Shest 5.

No. 662,815. Patented Nov. l27, |900.

T. H. PmLLlPs.`

IMPACT TOUL.

(Application filed May 16, 1900.) @No Model.) 6 Sheets-$heet 6V.

llnirrnn States Parenti* @lirica THOMAS H. PHILLIPS, OF ST. DAVIDS,PENNSYLVANIA.

INI PACT-TOO l...

SFEGIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent 1\T o. 662,815, datedNovember 2'7, 1900.

Application tiled May 16, 1900. Serial No. 16.883. (No modelJ Beit knownthat 1, THOMAS H. PHILLIPS, a citizen of Ithe United States, and aresident of St. Davids, Pennsylvania, haveinventedcertain Improvementsin Impact-Tools, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of impacttools mainly intended forrock-drilling and the like and operated by steam, compressed air, orother motive fluid under pressure.

For convenience in this specification I will assume that the tool is arock-drill and is operated by steam.

The improved drill has many of the structural and functional features ofother tools for which I have previously obtained Letters Patent-that isto say, it has the inlet and exhaust ports and passages so arranged asto insure the delivery of an uncushioned blow and the cushioning of thepiston on the back stroke so as to prevent injury to the rear head ofthe cylinder, it uses the steam expansively, it has a simple form ofsingle supply-valve which controls the admission of steam to the forwardend of the cylinder and the exhaust of steam from both ends, and it hasprovision for shifting this valve by admitting steam first to one end ofthe valvechest and then to the other end ot the same.

Une object of my present invention is to so construct the ports andpassages that the `valve when at rest and acted upon by gravity Willinsure admission of steam to one end `of the cylinder and free exhaustfrom the opposite end, thereby providing for the prompt starting of thetool under all conditions, a further object being to accomplishthis'result by causing` the movement of the valve to follow the movementof the piston in the same direction.

Another object is to control by the piston itself and Without theintervention of a valve the admission of steam to the rear end of thecylinder at a fixed point in the return stroke and to cut off the steambythe combined action of the piston and valve at a more advanced pointon the forward stroke.

Another object is to effect the cushioning ofthe valve at each end ofits stroke,and thus prevent it from striking with undue force the bufferat either end of the valve-chest.

These objects I attain in the manner here inafter set forth, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawings, in Which- Figure 1 is alongitudinal section ot the cylinder, valve-chest, piston, and valve ofan impact-tool constructed in accordance With my present invention. Fig.2 isa section on the line :n oaFig. 1. Fig. 3 is a transverse section onthe line a a, Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a transe verse section on the line b b,Fig. 2. Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, i), and 10 are diagrams prepared with the viewof showing the cylinder, valve-chest, piston, valve, and all of theports and pas- "sages in the same plane in order to clearly illustratethe operation of the tool; and Fig. 11 is a similar diagram illustratingcertain modifications of the invention.

The cylinder 1 is ofthe usual construction and receives thereciprocating piston, which has a central groove or chamber 2 and frontand rear heads 3 and 4, each of the latter having one or morepacking-rings 5, whereby a steam-tight fit of the same in the cylinderis maintained.

The steam-inlet passage 6 is forked and terminates in the cylinder intwo ports 7', one or other of which is always in communication with thecentral groove or chamber 2 of the piston, so that steam under pressureis constantly maintained in this chamber when the tool is in operation.

Above or at one side of the cylinder 1 is the valve-chest 8, to which isadapted a valve having three rings or flanges 9, 10, and 11 and twochambers 12 and 13, the opposite ends of the valve-chest havingbuffer-plates 14, backed by rubber or other springs 15, as usual.

Communicating with the valve-chamber are five ports 16, 17, 18, 19, and20, the port 16 constituting one termination of a passage 21, the othertermination of which is a port 22 in the bore of the cylinder. The port17 is a wide port and in the present instance is forked or divided byacentral partition-plate, although it may be a single port, if desired,and this port constitutes the upper termination of a passage 23,whichextends to the front end of the cylinder and terminates therein in aport 24. The port 18 is the exhaust-port and communicates with anexhaust-passage leading to both sides of the valve-chest, so that theexhaust-pipe may be connected to IOO either side of the same, as may bemost convenient, the opposite end of the passage being closed by asuitable plug.

The port 19 constitutes the upper termination of a passage 25, which hasits other termination at a port 26 in the bore of the cylinder, and theport 2O constitutes the upper termination of a passage 27, which has itslower termination at a port 28 in the cylinder.

Formed wholly in the cylinder is a passage 29,` which terminates at itsforward end in a port 30 in the bore of the cylinder and at its rear endin a port 31 near the rear end ot' the cylinder.

Near the front end of the valve-chest'is a port 32, which communicatesthrough a passage 33 with the passage 29, and near the rear end of thevalve-chest is a port 34, which communicates with a passage 35, thelatter having two branches 36 and 37, which terminate, respectively, inports 38 and 39 in the bore of the cylinder, the port 39 being somedistance in advance of the port 38.

The passage 21 is an induction-passage, its purpose being to conveysteam from the cylinder to the valve-chest, and the passage 23 is acombined induction and eduction passage, its purpose being to conveysteam from the valve-chest to the front end of the cylinder and toexhaust steam from the front end of the cylinder back to thevalve-chest. The passage 25 is likewise a combined induction andeduction passage serving under certain conditions to convey steam fromthe valvechest to the cylinder and providing for the exhaust of steamfrom the rear end of the cylinder to the valve-chest. The passage 27 isan induction-passage serving to convey steam from the cylinder to theValve-chest, and the passage 29 is also an induction-passage whichserves to convey steam from the central portion of the cylinder to therear end of the same, this passage also serving as part of aneduction-passage for the valvechest, as hereinafter explained.

The passage 33 is a combined induction and eduction passage whichconveys steam from the passage 29 to the forward end of the valvechestand exhausts it therefrom back to said passage 29, and the passage 35,with its branches 36 and 37, is a combined induction and eductionpassage serving to convey steam from the cylinder to the rear end of thevalvechest and to exhaust it from said rear end of the valve-chest backto the cylinder.

The operation of the tool can be best understood on reference to thediagrams Figs. 5 to 10. Fig. 5 shows the piston at the forward end ofits stroke in the position which it occupies after having delivered itsblow. When in this position, the valve is likewise at the forward end ofits movement, owing to the fact that the rear end of the valvechest isopen to the steam from the central chamber of the piston throughpassages 36 and 35, while the front end of the valve-chest is open tothe exhaust 18 through the passages 33 29, the rear end of the cylinder,the passage 25, and the passage 13 of the valve. When in this position,steam can enter the front end of the cylinder through the passage 21,the chamber 12 of the valve, and the passage 23, so as to move thepiston rearwardly. The first effect of this movement is to close theport 38; but this does notcut off the steam from the rear end of thevalve-chest, as the port 39 is at once opened, and communication is thusestablished between the rear end of the valve-chest and the front end ofthe cylinder. The continued rearward movement of the piston next causesthe front head of the piston to close the port 22,*and thereby out offthe admission of steam to the front end of the cylinder, as shown inFig. 6. Further rearward movement of the piston under expansive actionof the steam in the forward end of the cylinder causes the rear head ofthe piston first to close the port 26, and thereby cut off the exhaustfrom the rear end of the cylinder, and next to open the port 30, so asto permit a flow of steam-into the rear end of the cylinder, as shown inFig. 7, thus providing for the desired cushioning of the piston on therear stroke to prevent damaging contact of the same with the back headof the cylinder. The port 28 is also uncovered; but as the port 20 atthe valve-chest end of the passage 27 is covered by the head 11 of thevalve this has no effect. As soon as steam enters the passage 29 it alsoenters the forward end of the valve-chest through the passage 33, and asthe rear end of the valve-chest contains only the pressure of expandedsteam in the front end of the cylinder as against full pressure of steamin the forward end of the valve-chest, there will consequently be arearward movement of the valve in the chest, so as to open the front endof the cylinder to the exhaust before the piston can reach the rear endof its stroke. (See Fig. 8.) The piston now moves forwardly, being sub-IOO IIO

jected to the full pressure of steam upon its rear end and beingrelieved from pressure upon its front end, and the flow of steam into'the rear end of the cylinder continues after the port 30 has been closedby the rear head of the piston and the port 26 is uncovered, forsteam-continues to flow into the rear end of the cylinder through thepassage 27, the passage 13 of the valve, and the passage 25 until therear head of the piston covers the port 28, as shown in Fig. 9, so as tocontinue full steam-pressure in the rear end of the cylinder for, aslong a time as possible in order to insure the delivery of a blow ofmaximum force. When in its forward movement the front head of the pistonuncovers the port 22, steam is admitted to the passage 21, but cannotenter the valve-chest, owing to the fact that the port 16 of saidpassage is covered by the head 10 of the valve, as shown in Fig. 9, andwhen the port 38 is uncovered by the front head of the piston, as shownin Fig. 10, steam enters the rear end of the valve-chest through thepassages 36 and 35, but is still opposed bythe pressure in the forwardend of the chest, and

there is no forward movement of the valve until this pressure has beenso far reduced by the expansion of steam in the rear end of the cylinderas to bring` about the necessary preponderance of pressure in the rearend of the valve-chest. By this time the piston has completed itsforward movement and the blow has been delivered, the valve being thenmoved forwardly, so asto open the rear end of the cylinder to theexhaust and` the front end of the cylinder to the steam, as shown inFig. 5. It will be observed that when the piston is at either end of itsstroke the opposite end of the cylinder is open to the exhaust, so thatno difficulty is experienced in starting the tool in operation, and thisresult is effected by the use of a valve which travels in the samedirection as the piston-that is to say, when the piston is travelingforwardly the valve has a like forward movement, and when the piston istraveling rearwardly the valve likewise moves'rearwardly. Hence towhichever end of the cylinder the piston may be moved by gravity whenthe operation of the tool is arrested there will be a like movement ofthe valve, and this movement is one which effects the opening of theopposite end of t-he cylinder to the exhaust. It will also be noted thatthe steam is used expansively in the cylinder and that the fullsteam-pressure in either end of the valvechest is resisted by expandedpressure in the opposite end of the chest, so that the movement of thevalve in either direction is cushioned and destructive ham mering of thevalve upon the buffers at the opposite end of the valve-chest isprevented, this result being attained, moreover, by the use of a singlesymmetrical, and consequently reversible, balanced piston-valve.

The forward passage 37 and port 39 can be dispensed with if other meansare provided for reducing the pressure in the rear end of thevalve-chest. A simple means which may be employed for this purpose is apassage 40 of small area leading from the passage 35 to theexhaust-passage l8,as shown,forinstance, in Fig. ll, so as to permitleakage from the rear end of the valve-chest to the exhaust. Hence assoon as steam is cut off from said rear end of the valve-chest by theclosing of the port 38 on the rearward movement of the piston thepressure will be reduced and the valve will move rearwardly when steamis admitted to the forward end of the chest on the uncoveringof the port30. This construction causes a constant. leakage of steam; but this isso slight as to be nnobjectionable.

The port 2S and passage 27 may also, if desired, communicate with therear end of the cylinder independently of the passage 25-for instance,by means of the passage 29, as shown in Fig. ll. In this case the valvehas an additional chamber 41, which when the valve is in the rearwardposition opens comm n nication between the passage 27 and a pas` sage42, leading to the passage 29, said passage -t2 being` closed by therear head of the valve when thelatterisin theforward position.

Having thus described my invention, I claim and desire to secure byLetters Patentl. rlhe combination in an impact-tool, of the cylinder andits piston, having a steamsupplying groove, the valve-chest and itsvalve, and steam inlet and exhaust-passages whereby the piston controlsthe flow of steam into the valve-chesl'and when the piston occupies aposition at that end of the cylinder which is lowerinost and the valveoccupies a like position in the valve-chest the under side of the pistonwill be open to the steam passing through the valve-chest and the upperside of the piston will be open to the exhaust, substantially asspecified.

2. The combination of the cylinder and its piston having asteam-supplying groove, the valve-chest having a valve which controlsthe exhaust from both ends of the cylinder, a passage whereby the pistoncontrols the admission of steam to the rear end of the cylinder at afixed point in the rear stroke, and other passages controlled in part bythe piston and in part by the valve, whereby the cutting off of the iiowof steam to the rear end of the cylinder is effected at a more advancedpoint in the forward stroke, substantially as specified.

3. The combination of the cylinder and its piston having asteam-supplying groove, the valve-chest and its valve, a passage wherebythe piston controls the admission of steam to the rear end of thecylinder at a fixed point in the rea-r stroke, and other passagescontrolled in part by the piston and in part by the valve whereby thecutting off of the flow of steam to the rear end of the cylinder iseffected at a more advanced point in the forward stroke of the piston,one of said valvecontrolled passages also serving as an eX-haust-passage from the rear end of the cylinder, substantially asspeciiied.

4. The combination in an impact-tool, of the cylinder and its pistonhaving a steamsupplyinggroove,thevalve-chesthavingasingle valve andpassages whereby full-pressure steam acting upon one end of the valve isresisted by reduced-pressure steam acting upon the opposite end of thevalve, substantially as specified.

5. The combination in an impact-tool, of the cylinder and its pistonhaving a steamsupplying groove, the valve-chest having a single valveand passages providing communication between each end of the cylinderand the opposite end of the valve-chest whereby the pressure of expandedsteam upon one end of the valve is overcome by full-pressure steamacting upon the other end of the same and movement of the valve isthereby caused,

Ysubstantially as specified.

6. The combination of the cylinder and its IOO IIO

piston having a steam-supplying groove, the valve-chest and its valve,anda passage leading from the forward end of the cylinder to the rearend of the valve-chest, and serving both to convey steam to thevalve-chest and to exhaust it therefrom, substantially as specified.

7. The combination of the cylinder and its piston having.asteam-supplying groove, the valve-chest and its valve, and a passageleading from the rear end of the cylinderto the forward end of thevalve-chest, and serving both to convey steam to the valve-chest and toeX- haust it therefrom, substantially as specified.

8. The combination of the cylinder and its piston having asteam-supplying groove, the valve-chest and its valve, and passagesleading from each end of the cylinder to the opposite end of the Valvechest, and serving both to convey steam to the valve-chest and toexhaust it therefrom, substantially as specified.

9. The combination of the cylinder and its piston having asteam-supplying groove, the valve-chest and its valve, a passage leadingfrom the forward end of the cylinder to the rear end of the valve-chestand serving both to convey steam to the valve-chest and to eX- haust ittherefrom, said passage having two ports located in the cylinder, one inadvance of the other, substantially as specified.

10. The combination of the cylinder and its piston having asteam-supplying groove, a valve-chest having a valve which controls theadmission of steam to and its exhaust from both ends of the cylinder, asteam-inlet passage leading f rom the valve-chest to the cylinder, andcontrolled as to its cylinder end by the piston, and as toitsvalve-chest end bythe valve, whereby after the cylinder end of thepassage has been closed by the piston, steam will be used expansively inthe end of the cylinder communicating with said passage until there is amovement of the valve controlling its steam-chest end, substantially asspecified.

ll. The combination of the cylinder and its piston having asteam-supplying groove, a valve-chest having a valve which controls theadmission of steam to and its exhaust from both ends of the cylinder,steam-inlet passages, one for the front end of the cylinder and theother for the rear end of the cylinder, said passages leading from thecylinder to the valve-chest, and being controlled as to their cylinderends by the piston and as to their valve-chest ends by the valve,whereby steam will be used expansively in each end of the cylinder afterthe cylinder end of its corresponding passage has been closed by thepiston and until there has been movement of the valve controlling itsvalve-chest end, substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing Witnesses.

THOMAS H. PHILLIPS.

Witnesses:

F. E. BECHTOLD, Jos. H. KLEIN.

